There are several steps to the process, including:

  1. Planning and reconnaissance – The first step in network penetration testing involves planning and gathering information. Testers identify the scope and goals of the test, including the systems to be tested and the methods to be used. Reconnaissance involves collecting data about the target network, such as domain names, IP addresses and other publicly available information.
  2. Scanning – Once the initial information is gathered, the next step is scanning. This involves using tools to identify open ports, services running on those ports and any potential vulnerabilities. Scanning can be done both externally, from outside the network, and internally, from within the network.
  3. Gaining access – After identifying potential vulnerabilities, testers attempt to exploit them to gain access to the network. This can involve various techniques such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS) and phishing attacks. The goal is to see how far the tester can penetrate the network and what data can be accessed.
  4. Maintaining access – Once access is gained, the next step is to see if the attacker can maintain access and move laterally within the network. This phase involves using tools and techniques to remain undetected while exploring the network and gathering more information.
  5. Analysis and reporting – After the testing is complete, the results are analyzed. This includes identifying which vulnerabilities were exploited, what data was accessed and how long the tester was able to maintain access without detection. A detailed report is then created, outlining the vulnerabilities found, the methods used to exploit them and recommendations for remediation.